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Glass structures are being built ever more frequently all over the world, in a growing architectural trend towards light, transparency and sustainability. The engineering design of laminated glass elements being profoundly influenced by properties of interlayers, this multi-scale research highlights some among the key elements on the hyperelastic and viscoplastic response of such synthetic materials. Results and new discoveries are interpreted to better model and predict the response of laminated glass structures: examples are provided for design applications to post-failure safety assessments, structural design and cold-bending techniques. Still, in a vastly unknown field, a growing market and foggy regulatory framework, many challenges and research opportunities remain to be dealt with.

Glass construction.

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Recent research has demonstrated that, in the Roman, Late Antique, Early Islamic and Medieval worlds, glass was traded over long distances, from the Eastern Mediterranean, mainly Egypt and Israel, to Northern Africa, the Western Mediterranean and Northern Europe. 'Things that travelled', a collaboration between the UCL Early Glass Technology Research Network, the Association for the History of Glass and the British Museum, aims to build on this knowledge. Covering all aspects of glass production, technology, distribution and trade in Roman, Byzantine and Early Medieval/Early Islamic times, including studies from Britain, Egypt, Cyprus, Italy and many others, the volume combines the strengths of the sciences and cultural studies to offer a new approach to research on ancient glass. By bringing together such a varied mix of contributors, specialising in a range of geographical areas and chronological time frames, this volume also offers a valuable contribution to broader discussions on glass within political, economic, cultural and historical arenas.

Glass manufacture --- Glass trade --- History.

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Ancient glass beads as a window to the ancient world Glass beads, both beautiful and portable, have been produced and traded globally for thousands of years. Modern archaeologists study these artifacts through sophisticated methods that analyze the glass composition, a process which can be utilized to trace bead usage through time and across regions. This book publishes open-access compositional data obtained from laser ablation - inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry, from a single analytical laboratory, providing a uniquely comparative data set. The geographic range includes studies of beads produced in Europe and traded widely across North America and beads from South and Southeast Asia traded around the Indian Ocean and beyond. The contributors provide new insight on the timing of interregional interactions, technologies of bead production and patterns of trade and exchange, using glass beads as a window to the past. This volume will be a key reference for glass researchers, archaeologists, and any scholars interested in material culture and exchange; it provides a wide range of case studies in the investigation and interpretation of glass bead composition, production and exchange since ancient times. Contributors: Bernard Gratuze (Institut de Recherche sur les ArchéoMATériaux, Centre Ernest-Babelon, UMR 5060 CNRS/Université d'Orléans), Alicia L. Hawkins (University of Toronto Mississauga), Elliot H. Blair (University of Alabama), Jessica Dalton-Carriger (Roane State Community College), Lee M. Panich (Santa Clara University), Thomas R. Fenn (The University of Oklahoma), Alison K. Carter (University of Oregon), Jennifer Craig (McGill University), Mark Aldenderfer (University of California, Merced), Mudit Trivedi (Stanford University), Lindsey Trombetta (The University of Texas at Austin), Jonathan R. Walz (The Field Museum / SIT-Graduate Institute), Akshay Sarathi (Florida Atlantic University), Carla Klehm (University of Arkansas), Marilee Wood (University of the Witwatersrand), Katherine A. Larson (Corning Museum of Glass), Heather Walder (The Field Museum / University of Wisconsin - La Crosse), Laure Dussubieux (The Field Museum) Supplementary Material 'The Elemental Analysis of Glass Beads' > Ebook available in Open Access. This publication is GPRC-labeled (Guaranteed Peer-Reviewed Content).

Glass --- Glass beads. --- Glassware, Ancient. --- Composition.

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The production of glass was one of the high technologies of the early modern period. At a heat of around 1500 degrees, mixtures of sand, lime and vegetable, wood or potash were transformed into greenish, crystal-clear or colorful marvels in the glassworks of Europe. Its aesthetic and material properties-transparency, workability, and durability-made glass a coveted material that was still the preserve of the elite in the 16th century and did not become an affordable mass product until the second half of the 18th century.The volume Glass in the Early Modern Period pursues an interdisciplinary approach. It takes its starting point in the conditions of glass production in early modern glassworks, the high consumption of resources, and the resulting social conflicts. The volume focuses on the various historical forms of use, glass as an object of collection, and its allegorical meaning in painting. At the same time, the volume deals with the analysis and preservation of glass objects from a scientific and conservation perspective and with the presentation of baroque glass from a museum perspective. In all of this, a close connection to the court culture of the European nobility is apparent, who acted as pioneers, patrons and, not least, buyers, users and collectors of the glass objects. In this way, many of the luxury objects have been preserved to this day. Die Herstellung von Glas gehörte zu den Hochtechnologien der Frühen Neuzeit. Bei ca. 1500 Grad Hitze verwandelten sich in den Glashütten Europas Gemenge aus Sand, Kalk und Pflanzen-, Holz- oder Pottasche zu grünlichen, kristallklaren oder bunten Wunderwerken. Seine ästhetischen und materiellen Eigenschaften – Transparenz, Bearbeitbarkeit und Dauerhaftigkeit – machten Glas zu einem begehrten Material, das im 16. Jahrhundert noch den Eliten vorbehalten war und erst in der zweiten Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts zum erschwinglichen Massenprodukt wurde.Der Band Glas in der Frühen Neuzeit verfolgt einen interdisziplinären Zugang. Er nimmt seinen Ausgang bei den Bedingungen der Glasproduktion in den frühneuzeitlichen Glashütten, dem hohen Ressourcenverbrauch und den daraus entstehenden sozialen Konflikten. Im Zentrum des Bandes stehen die verschiedenen historischen Nutzungsformen, Glas als Sammlungsgegenstand sowie dessen allegorische Bedeutung in der Malerei. Zugleich befasst sich der Band aus naturwissenschaftlicher und konservatorischer Perspektive mit der Analyse und Bewahrung der Glasobjekte und aus musealer Sichtweise mit der Präsentation von barockem Glas. Bei allem zeigt sich eine enge Verbindung zur Hofkultur des europäischen Adels, der als Wegbereiter, Förderer und nicht zuletzt Käufer, Nutzer und Sammler der Glasobjekte auftrat. Auf diesem Weg sind viele der Luxusobjekte bis heute erhalten geblieben.

Glass, Glass production, Glassware industry, Glassworks, Glas, Glasherstellung, Glasindustrie, Glashütten

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Metallic glasses are multi-component metallic alloys with disordered atomic distribution unlike their crystalline counterparts with long range periodicity in arrangement of atoms. Metallic glasses of different compositions are being commercially used in bulk form and as coatings because of their excellent corrosion resistance. This book was written with the objective of providing a comprehensive understanding of the electrochemical and corrosion behavior of metallic glasses for a wide range of compositions. Corrosion in structural materials leads to rapid deterioration in the performance of critical components and serious economic implications including property damage and loss in human life. Discovery and development of metallic alloys with enhanced corrosion resistance will have a sizable impact in a number of areas including manufacturing, aerospace, oil and gas, nuclear industry, and load-bearing bioimplants. The corrosion resistance of many metallic glass systems is superior compared to conventionally used alloys in different environments. In this book, we discuss in detail the role of chemistry, processing conditions, environment, and surface state on the corrosion behavior of metallic glasses and compare their performance with conventional alloys. Several of these alloy systems consist of all biocompatible and non-allergenic elements making them attractive for bioimplants, stents, and surgical tools. To that end, critical insights are provided on the bio-corrosion response of some metallic glasses in simulated physiological environment.

Corrosion; Metallic Glass; Electrochemistry; Amorphous Alloy; Glass Forming Ability